Much effort has been directed toward the study of the effect of honey on apoptosis and the understanding the mechanisms of this action

An ethanolic extract of Brazilian propolis administrated to U937 lymphoma cells caused a reduced cell growth and inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis and Polish propolis eliminated 90% U87MG cells after 72 h incubation and caused an inhibition of DNA synthesis. The ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis is an important property of a candidate anticancer drug, which discriminates between anticancer drugs and toxic compounds. The changes that we observed in our study manifested as a loss of cell volume or cell shrinkage can be a morphological hallmark of the programmed cell death process known as apoptosis. Similar changes characteristic of apoptosis in cancer cells have also been described by other authors. DNA fragmentation is a key apoptotic event. In our study fragmentation DNA was observed in U87MG cells following treatment with buckwheat and multifloral dark honey. The accumulation of cells population in Sub-G1 phase may suggest that honey induced apoptosis. An important element in the process of apoptosis in cancer cells is an inhibition of p50 subunit of nuclear transcription factor NF-kB, which is an essential survival factor for many glioblastomas including U87MG cell line. Glioblastomas responded to NF-kB inhibition by reducing the growth rate and an induction of apoptosis. That is why we made enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which evaluates the concentration of p50 subunit. Our research has shown that honey samples did not inhibit the NF-kB activity in U87MG cells since nuclear localization of p50. It is interesting that H3 with the highest content of Cd stimulated significantly the activity of p50. Studies on the clarification of the effect on Cd NF-kB activation in the THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line show that cadmium activates significantly NF-kB activation. Our unpublished preliminary study using the extract of H3 honey showed a different effect-inhibiting activity of p50. The MMPs are the most important proteolylic enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix to provide an efficient space for glioma to extend, which is essential in the metastasis and an invasion of gliomas. Although significant progress has been made in coronary revascularization and atherosclerosis prevention, cardiovascular diseases are still a major cause of death. Many animal and clinical experiments have demonstrated that treating ischemic heart disease with transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is feasible and promising. Although traditional techniques such as in situ hybridization, PCR and immunohistochemistry are widely used to Perifosine clinical trial analyze the distribution and migration of transplanted stem cells, they are in vitro or post mortem and obviously not applicable for in vivo studies. Therefore, using non-invasive techniques to monitor the survival and migration of transplanted stem cells in real-time is crucial for the success of therapy. In the past decade, techniques to monitor transplanted stem cells have reached a new stage in which the biological progress of transplanted tissues and cells can be monitored in vivo at the molecular level.