The increase in biofilm formation on these surfaces may be due to the release of calcium ions from MTA and Dycal upon reaction with phosphate ions in the BHI broth to produce calcium phosphate deposits on the material surfaces, which increases the surface roughness and thus promotes bacterial adhesion. Moreover, although CFU counts and metabolic activity results showed no significant differences between the experimental and positive control material surfaces regarding S. mutans biofilm formation, the results of Live/Dead staining and SEM observation showed that more bacteria adhered to the experimental material surfaces than to the positive control surfaces. This may be because experimental material could also release calcium ions to produce calcium phosphate deposits on its surface in BHI broth, like MTA and Dycal can, and increased numbers of adherent bacteria were still killed by the NVP-BEZ235 antibacterial activity of the material. The developed composite resin is cured by light irradiation for 60 s, and therefore, the curing time for the new composite material containing the light-curable resin is reduced to approximately 1 minute compared to 202 minutes for MTA, which improves the handling characteristics of the material. The curing time for the developed material is also somewhat shorter than that of Dycal. Although the pulp-capping effects of QAS antibacterial resin and PC have been confirmed by previous studies, that of the novel material combining both materials still remains to be verified in a further in vivo study. Furthermore, the present study only evaluated the antibacterial activity in an in vitro study, and additional important parameters for pulp capping materials such as the physical properties, chemical properties, bioactivity and biological properties, need to be evaluated in further experiments. Therefore, continued assessments of the physicochemical and biological properties of the material developed in this study are in progress. High blood pressure and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are two emerging clinical problems in children closely related to the epidemic of childhood obesity. NAFLD is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children in the United States with an estimated prevalence of 9.6%. High blood pressure in childhood is likely to persist into adulthood, and is a risk factor in adulthood for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. NAFLD itself has been linked to cardiovascular disease in both children and adults. In adults with NAFLD, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death., In children with NAFLD, studies have reported high blood pressure as part of the metabolic syndrome; however, blood pressure has not been evaluated as the focal point of any of these studies. Thus, many questions remain about the prevalence of high blood pressure and its associated risk factors in children with NAFLD. Moreover, there have been no longitudinal studies of blood pressure among children with NAFLD.