Being considered one of the most important sources of allergens for humans. Among asthmatic patients, sensitivity to dust mites is present in 50% of adults and 80% of children. The term “house dust mite” has been adopted to describe mite species that can be found in the indoor environment and have the ability to elicit a response resulting in IgE antibodies. Given the key role of cytokines in allergic reactions, gene variability in their regulatory regions might induce changes in the immune response. Regulatory regions have shown an influence on cytokine production and MK-4827 transcription. Cytokines participate not only in the regulation of the immune response, but also directly in the inflammatory response. The involvement of interleukins in the pathogenesis of a range of diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, diabetes, chronic periodontitis, and cancer, has been widely studied. However, little is known about the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in cytokine genes and sensitivity to dust mites. Allergy is a multifactorial condition, with the onset and severity dependent on genetic and environmental factors. Hypersensitivity to house dust mites may trigger different cutaneous and respiratory responses, which have a great impact on the health of affected individuals. The discoveries made in the 1950s about the mechanisms of gene regulation in prokaryotes, such as lac or lambda repressor, have allowed researchers to investigate DNA binding sites in the regulatory regions of eukaryotes. Since then, several regulatory regions have been detected upstream and downstream of the transcribed gene, mainly in SNP regions. The development of molecular biology techniques has allowed the identification of genetic polymorphisms within regulatory regions of cytokine genes, and also the finding that the level of cytokine production differs among individuals. These considerations have prompted many authors to investigate the regulation of genes expressing these cytokines in relation to susceptibility to and severity of different diseases. Although cytokines are usually related to allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and asthma, they have been suggested as important biomarkers of various diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, pediatric ulcerative colitis, Alzheimer’s disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. There is an increasing number of studies devoted to this topic in the international literature. However, to date, there are no studies conducted in Brazil that address this issue. A cohort study of asthma in the Korean population suggested a possible involvement of IL18 polymorphisms in asthma. Moreover, cytokines play an important physiological role in immune regulation and inflammatory processes, and changes in the aberrant expression or failure in production may contribute to the development of certain diseases.