We provide the very molecular evidence showing the anti-toxic effects of withanone in normal cells

Globally, more than 18 billion pounds of ester phthalates are used annually and toxicity of these chemicals occurs through ingestion, inhalation, intravenous injection and dermal exposure on a daily basis. In the United States and Canada, DEHP is no longer used to manufacture children��s products intended for mouthing, such as pacifiers, but it is still used in larger toys. DEHP is approved for use in medical devices such as surgical vinyl gloves, blood bags, tubes and dialysis equipments. Dibutyl phthalate is widely used in many cosmetic products including perfume, lotion, and nail polish putting women to a higher health-hazard risk category. Ester phthalates family, monoethyl phthalate, monobutyl phthalate, monobenzyl phthalate, and mono phthalate have been detected in urine specimens, and their diester parent compounds in house dust samples, from pregnant and lactating women living in New York City. Laboratory studies have shown that the toxicity of ester phthalates is caused by their metabolite, MAA. Gavage and intraperitoneal administration of MAA in rats resulted in their physical, reproductive, skeletal and hematopoietic abnormalities and it was shown to be a proximal teratogenic metabolite of 2-methoxyethanol and 2-Dimethoxyethyl phthalate. The toxicity of MAA has been shown to be mediated by multiple signaling pathways including oxidative stress, apoptosis, upregulation of heat shock proteins and deregulation of kinases, inhibition of histone deacetylase and disruption of estrogen receptor-mediated signaling. In view of the extensive industrialization of present day lifestyle, there is a substantial urgency for molecular investigation to resolve the mechanism of MAA toxicity and to invent novel ways and reagents to overcome its deleterious effects on human health. In the present study, we report that a phytochemical, withanone, extracted from leaves of Ashwagandha protects human normal cells Procyanidin-B2 against the toxicity of MAA. We provide the very first molecular evidence Sennoside-C showing the anti-toxic effects of withanone in normal human cells and propose its use as a MAA-antidote. The present day life heavily depends on industrial products and hence it is a major challenge to protect human health against the toxic effects of industrial chemicals. Genetic and functional toxicity of MAA, a major metabolite of ester phthalates, has been shown in a variety of in vitro and in vivo model studies. It has been shown to cause change in gene expression pattern, cell environment and mitochondrial function. We had previously shown that Ashwagandha leaf extract and withanone, a major constituent in the leaf, cause selective killing of cancer cells.