The contribution to the seasonal variation in markers of inflammation

In order to obtain further evidence for a possible independent contribution of current vitamin D status on pre-clinical alterations in markers of inflammation and hemostasis, we evaluated seasonal patterns in inflammatory and hemostatic markers and the strength of the effect mediation by 25 D. This approach is likely to be informative, as due to the strong influence of sun induced skin synthesis, 25 D concentrations vary greatly by season, while little Schizandrin-B variation would be expected for adiposity. Our aim was to investigate the Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside association between 25 D, adiposity and pre-clinical variations in the available risk markers. In these analyses, we used information from the nationwide 1958 British birth cohort on over 6500 middle aged participants. We hypothesized that if vitamin D intake affects the markers under investigation then further evidence for an association should be obtained through analysing the contribution of 25 D to the seasonal variation in markers of inflammation and hemostasis. We observed a strong cross-sectional association between circulating 25 D and tPA concentrations in participants free of clinical CVD, and a seasonal pattern for tPA that was largely mediated by 25 D in this population. These findings, together with the weaker evidence observed for a relation of 25 D with D-dimer and fibrinogen, suggest a role for current vitamin D status in determining thrombolytic profile before progression to CVD. A specific methodological challenge for these cross-sectional analyses arose from the strong association of adiposity both with 25 D concentrations and the inflammatory/hemostatic markers under study. In addition to the conventional approach of evaluating the direct association between 25 D and the outcomes adjusting for potential confounders, we evaluated seasonal variation in the outcomes and the mediating influence of 25 D on the observed patterns. These analyses supported a relation of 25 D with tPA, and interestingly, also to lesser extent with Ddimer and fibrinogen. The seasonal pattern seen in vWF was not affected by 25 D, nor did we observe evidence for a direct cross-sectional association, hence, this confirms the lack of evidence for any association between vitamin D status and circulating vWF concentrations in our study.