Our study has the advantage that subjects without phenotypes were from old population, so the probability that they will develop metabolic disorders in the future might be relatively low. Therefore, the metabolic-related traits in older subjects may faithfully reflect their genetic makeup. This hypothesis was also mentioned in a study before. However, our study also has several limitations that subjects carrying certain genotypes combined with the metabolic-related traits may not survive to the old age, which may lead to biased conclusions of the associations between these genotypes and the metabolic-related traits among elderly. Participants were enrolled from communities or streets in BC-1258 area, which is a commodity-type residential quarter where residents are usually with different occupations and different backgrounds. The potential genetic bias might be exist but is expected to be low. However, we could not examine the extent of this bias. We conducted a longitudinal analysis to further investigate the results from cross-sectional study, but the small sample size limited our statistical power to detect these associations. Since the metabolic syndrome is highly complex and polygenic, a large sample size would be needed. Glycated hemoglobin is an index of metabolic control of diabetes, and reflects average blood glucose levels over the previous 2–3 months, including postprandial increases Lasofoxifene tartrate in the blood glucose level. There was compelling evidence suggested that the level of HbA1c predicted clinical cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular mortality. However, the optimal glycemic control of diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases was not well characterized. ADA, coupled with AHA and ACC just recommend less stringent HbA1c goals for diabetic patients with advanced macrovascular complications. With the introduction of drug-eluting stents, the proportion of diabetic patients with coronary artery disease who received percutaneous coronary intervention is increasing. However, PCI is frequently accompanied with cardiac marker elevation after procedure or known as myocardial injury or infarction related to PCI.