In conclusion, six serum miRNAs identified in our study can be used to predict sepsis patients’ mortality. Germline mutations in the currently known high risk-breast cancer genes are common in familial breast cancer, but they can explain, at best, 20–25% of the overall excess familial risk.. Still, the large majority of breast cancer cases that arise in families with strong familial aggregation are not explained by mutations in any know breast cancer susceptibility gene, and are designated as BRCAX-type tumors. In the past decade, gene expression profiling by microarray analysis has lead to great advances in classification of human breast tumors, and the identification of five reproducible molecular subtypes of breast cancer, that have distinct biological features, clinical outcomes, and responses to chemotherapy. On the other hand, there have been only a handful of studies focused on familial breast cancer, due to difficulties in collecting the tumor material, demonstrating that BRCA1/2-mutated breast tumors could be distinguished from sporadic ones based on their gene expression signatures. Recently, microRNA expression profiling calls a great attention to define various types of cancers. miRNAs are an abundant class of small,22 nt long single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules acting as negative regulators at post-transcriptional level by binding the 39 untranslated regions of their mRNA-targets. miRNAs are involved in crucial biological processes including development, differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation. Notably, miRNA deregulation has been extensively implicated in cancer pathogenesis in various tumor types. The observed effects of miRNA mis-expression on tumor initiation, maintenance or metastasis can be explained by the mRNA targets and pathways they regulate, which include known tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Specifically, in breast cancer, various studies have identified mis-expressed miRNAs in tumours vs. normal tissue, and shown that changes in their expression seem to define, similarly to what has been found by expression profiling of coding genes, different histological and molecular subtypes described so far. In addition, integration of miRNA and mRNA data of a set of breast cancer samples allowed the association of miRNAs to relevant cellular processes, such as proliferation, cell cycle, immune response or cell adhesion, as well as with molecular characteristics of tumors like TP53 mutations. Still, very little is known about the role of miRNAs in familial breast cancer. The identification of target genes and pathways NVP-BKM120 regulated by miRNAs would be critical to understand their function in tumor development. In this study we sought to establish miRNA expression profiles using microarray technology of familial breast cancer tumors and comparing with normal breast tissues. Interestingly, KRAS has been identified as a target oncogene for down-regulated miRNAs.The identification of miRNAs deregulated in familial breast tumors could provide a better understanding of the biology of familial breast cancer and could indicate novel targets for therapy.