XB130 is mainly located in the cytoplasm and enriched near the apical site of ciliated cells, especially near the bottom of the cilia. This suggests that at the apical site of the plasma membrane, XB130 may be involved in the function of microvilli and other cellular functions, such as secretion, ion transportation, and absorption. The anti-human XB130 monoclonal antibody has been used to study expression of XB130 in human tissues. However, it does not cross-react with mouse XB130 for staining purposes. We also tested several commercially available anti-human XB130 antibodies, but none showed good specific staining in mouse tissues. This is an observed limitation of our study. Meiosis is a specialised type of cell division common to sexually developing eukaryotes that generates four haploid gametes from a single diploid cell. The evolutionary trends of cell cycle including DNA replication, growth control and cell division are mechanistically. During the cell cycle, proliferating cells pass through four stages: G1, the cell growths and the nucleus has a 2C DNA content ; S, DNA replicates ; G2, a second growth period during which the nucleus retains a 4C content until the last phase; and M, mitosis or meiosis in somatic or germinal cells, respectively, when genetic material is divided into two daughter nuclei. During meiosis a second division occurs and four haploid cells are finally obtained from one initial diploid cell. Duplication of the genome during S phase of the cell cycle is a highly organised process, usually followed in germinal cells by chromosome pairing of homologous chromosomes. Pre-meiotic DNA replication has been shown to be similar to pre-mitotic S phase in many aspects although several important features distinguish meiotic from mitotic replication, including the trigger that initiates the process. In addition, pre-meiotic S phase is on average 2–3 times longer than pre-mitotic S-phase in all organisms studied, probably because necessary interactions between homologues for their successful recombination and segregation are initiated during pre-meiotic S phase. Additional periods of DNA synthesis have also been reported during early meiosis in leptotene, zygotene and pachytene. In fact, detection of replication during early meiosis was essential for understanding the mechanism of crossing-over during recombination. Pre-meiotic replication has been found to be connected to later events occurring in meiosis such as recombination and reductional chromosome segregation. Moreover, replication has also been shown to be closely connected temporally to chromosome condensation at the onset of meiosis. Most of the studies about pre-meiotic replication have been conducted in yeast and little is known about meiotic replication in plants. Replication has been recently studied during early meiosis in wheat-rye hybrids in the presence and in the absence of the Ph1 locus. Wheat is a staple food for most of the world population, and understanding its genetics and genome Axitinib organisation is of great value for genetics and plant breeders. The Ph1 locus controls homologous chromosome pairing in wheat, and has been defined to a cluster of kinase-like genes containing a segment of heterochromatin.