Therefore, misreported data could have biased our findings. Fifth, we did not examine the consumption of animal protein, which is regarded as high-protein diet and associated with increased intake of purines. The different habits of animal protein consumption between women and men may have affected our results. Sixth, we did not examine the glucocorticoids during the awaking process, which has a considerable influence on fasting glucose. The rise of glucocorticoids increases glycogen hydrolysis in the liver, increasing its LY2157299 side effects glucose output and eliciting temporal hyperglycemia, which may be confused by diabetes. Finally, we investigated a solely Japanese population, which could limit the generalizability of our results to other populations. To correct these limitations, future studies should use a prospective validation design, and investigate diverse populations that present at various outpatient medical practices. Despite these limitations, our study produced several noteworthy results. In particular, our findings suggest that hyperuricemia is a risk factor for the onset of impaired fasting glucose among persons with high baseline fasting plasma glucose. To help prevent the onset of impaired fasting glucose and the development of further complications, we should therefore pay careful attention to both uric acid levels and fasting plasma glucose levels, especially in subjects with hyperuricemia. It might be possible to prevent impaired fasting glucose and the development of further complications by treating both elevated fasting plasma glucose and hyperuricemia, although randomized studies would be necessary to validate this suggestion. The prevalence of allergic diseases has experienced an important increase in industrialized countries over recent decades. Although this increase has been widely investigated, the reasons for such trend have not yet been elucidated. According to the World Allergy Organization, children carry the greatest burden of the rising trend which has occurred over the past two decades. Despite this increase, in many countries there are no specialized services for patients with allergic diseases. In respiratory allergies, such as asthma and rhinitis, there is inflammation of the airways as a result of an immune reaction, with release of cytoplasmic granules from active substances found in mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils. Two main factors contribute to the development and severity of allergic disease: host-related factors and environmental factors, such as specific allergens, elements present in the environment, and air pollutants. When combined, these factors may trigger sensitization. In addition, there is the “hygiene hypothesis”, which became popular in the late 1980s to explain the high prevalence of atopic diseases in developed countries. It supports the idea that a reduced exposure to infections during childhood would predispose individuals to sensitization.